References

Every quantitative claim on this site traces to one of the following sources. Citations are numbered consistently across pages. Links are to PubMed, PubMed Central, DOI resolvers, or official clinical-trial registries.

Jastreboff AM, Kaplan LM, Frías JP, et al. Triple–Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — A Phase 2 Trial. N Engl J Med. 2023;389:514-526.

PMID: 37366315 · DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2301972
nejm.org →
Jastreboff AM, et al. Triple–Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — dose-response at 24 weeks. N Engl J Med. 2023;389:514-526.

PMID: 37366315 · DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2301972
nejm.org →
Jastreboff AM, et al. Triple–Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — adverse events. N Engl J Med. 2023;389:514-526.

PMID: 37366315 · DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2301972
nejm.org →
Rosenstock J, Frias J, Jastreboff AM, Du Y, Lou J, Gurbuz S, Thomas MK, Hartman ML, Haupt A, Milicevic Z, Coskun T. Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 trial conducted in the USA. Lancet. 2023.

PMID: 37385280 · DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01053-X
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov →
Urva S, Coskun T, Loh MT, Du Y, Thomas MK, Gurbuz S, Haupt A, Benson CT, Hernandez-Illas M, D’Alessio DA, Milicevic Z. LY3437943, a novel triple GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist in people with type 2 diabetes: a phase 1b, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, multiple-ascending dose trial. Lancet. 2022;400:1869-1881.

PMID: 36354040 · DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02033-5
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov →
Li W, Zhou Q, Cong Z, Yuan Q, Li W, Zhao F, Xu HE, Zhao LH, Yang D, Wang MW. Structural insights into the triple agonism at GLP-1R, GIPR and GCGR manifested by retatrutide. Cell Discovery. 2024.

PMC11255275 · DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00700-0
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov →
Sanyal AJ, Kaplan LM, Frias JP, Brouwers B, Wu Q, Thomas MK, Harris C, Schloot NC, Du Y, Mather KJ, Haupt A, Hartman ML. Triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized phase 2a trial. Nat Med. 2024.

PMC11271400 · DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03018-2
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov →
Marathe SJ, Grey EW, Bohm MS, Joseph SC, Ramesh AV, Cottam MA, Idrees K, Wellen KE, Hasty AH, Rathmell JC, Makowski L. Incretin triple agonist retatrutide (LY3437943) alleviates obesity-associated cancer progression. NPJ Metab Health Dis. 2025.

PMC11908972 · DOI: 10.1038/s44324-025-00054-5
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov →
Eli Lilly and Company. Lilly’s triple agonist, retatrutide, delivered powerful weight loss in pivotal Phase 3 obesity trial (TRIUMPH-1 press release). PR Newswire. 2026.
prnewswire.com →
Eli Lilly and Company. Lilly’s triple agonist, retatrutide, delivered weight loss of up to an average of 71.2 lbs along with substantial relief from osteoarthritis pain in first successful Phase 3 trial (TRIUMPH-4 press release). Eli Lilly Investor Relations. 2025.
investor.lilly.com →
Abouelmagd AA, Abdelrehim AM, Bashir MN, Abdelsalam F, Marey A, Tanas Y, Abuklish DM, Belal MM. Efficacy and safety of retatrutide, a novel GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptor agonist for obesity treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2025.

PMC12026077 · DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2025.2456441
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov →
Goldney J, Hamza M, Surti F, Davies MJ, Papamargaritis D. Triple Agonism Based Therapies for Obesity. Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep. 2025.

PMC12304053 · DOI: 10.1007/s12170-025-00770-z
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov →
Goldney J, Hamza M, Surti F, Davies MJ, Papamargaritis D. Triple Agonism Based Therapies for Obesity (indirect comparison data). Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep. 2025.

PMC12304053 · DOI: 10.1007/s12170-025-00770-z
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov →
Katsi V, Koutsopoulos G, Fragoulis C, Dimitriadis K, Tsioufis K. Retatrutide—A Game Changer in Obesity Pharmacotherapy. Biomolecules. 2025.

PMC12190491 · DOI: 10.3390/biom15060796
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov →
Katsi V, Koutsopoulos G, Fragoulis C, Dimitriadis K, Tsioufis K. Retatrutide—A Game Changer in Obesity Pharmacotherapy (hepatic fat outcomes). Biomolecules. 2025.

PMC12190491 · DOI: 10.3390/biom15060796
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov →
Doggrell SA. Retatrutide showing promise in obesity (and type 2 diabetes). Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2023.

PMID: 37947489 · DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2283020
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov →
Goldney J, Hamza M, Surti F, Davies MJ, Papamargaritis D. Triple Agonism Based Therapies for Obesity (semaglutide indirect comparison). Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep. 2025.

PMC12304053 · DOI: 10.1007/s12170-025-00770-z
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov →
Heerspink HJL, Lu Z, Du Y, Duffin KL, Coskun T, Haupt A, Hartman ML. The Effect of Retatrutide on Kidney Parameters in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and/or Obesity. Kidney Int Rep. 2025.

PMC12231004 · DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2025.03.049
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov →
Quarenghi M, Capelli S, Galligani G, Giana A, Preatoni G, Turri Quarenghi R. Weight Regain After Liraglutide, Semaglutide or Tirzepatide Interruption: A Narrative Review of Randomized Studies. J Clin Med. 2025.

PMC12155999 · DOI: 10.3390/jcm14113791
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov →
Doggrell SA. Is retatrutide (LY3437943), a GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptor agonist a step forward in the treatment of diabetes and obesity? Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2023.

PMID: 37086147 · DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2206560
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov →
Eli Lilly and Company. TRIUMPH-3: A Study of Retatrutide (LY3437943) in Participants With Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease. ClinicalTrials.gov. 2023. NCT05882045.
clinicaltrials.gov →
Jastreboff AM, et al. Triple–Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — onset and time-course data. N Engl J Med. 2023;389:514-526.

PMID: 37366315 · DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2301972
nejm.org →
The Pharmaceutical Journal. Phase III retatrutide study demonstrates 30% weight loss. The Pharmaceutical Journal. 2026.
pharmaceutical-journal.com →